‘Evolvability' – the ability to undergo adaptive evolution – is a key concept for understanding
and predicting the response of biological systems to environmental change. Evolvability has …

Numerous cases of evolutionary trait loss and regain have been reported over the years. Here,
we argue that such reverse evolution can also become apparent when trait expression is …

Mutualisms, including plant-pollinator interactions, are an important component of ecosystems.
2. Plants can avoid the costs of variation in pollinator benefit by maintaining specificity. 3. …

“Evolvability”–the capability to undergo adaptive evolution–is a key concept for understanding
and predicting the response of biological systems to environmental change. Evolvability …

Over the last few decades, numerous examples have been described where a trait that was
once lost during the course of evolution had been regained. Here, we argue that such …

Dollo’s law of irreversibility states that once a complex adaptation has been lost in evolution,
it will not be regained. Recently, various violations of this principle have been described. …

Nuptial gift giving in general, and courtship feeding in particular, is a behaviour poised
between sexual cooperation and sexual conflict: nuptial gifts can act as an indirect paternal …

Cuticular waxes play a pivotal role in limiting transpirational water loss across the plant
surface. The correlation between the chemical composition of the cuticular waxes and their …

Cuticular waxes play a pivotal role in limiting transpirational water loss across the primary
plant surface. The astomatous fruits of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) ‘MicroTom’ and …

… ) – (2229.163 (±103.223) × 1/ T ), ±SE of regression, F = 466.370, P < 0.001, r 2 = 0.987,
n = 8) and the mean cuticular permeance of Juglans regia leaves ( Burghardt and Riederer …