The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic continues,
with devasting consequences for human lives and the global economy 1 , 2 . The discovery …

Variable regions 1 and 2 (V1/V2) of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gp120 envelope
glycoprotein are critical for viral evasion of antibody neutralization, and are themselves …

Numerous antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 have been identified, and these generally
target either the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the viral …

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) spike, comprising three
gp120 and three gp41 subunits, is a conformational machine that facilitates HIV-1 entry by …

Antibodies capable of neutralizing HIV-1 often target variable regions 1 and 2 (V1V2) of the
HIV-1 envelope, but the mechanism of their elicitation has been unclear. Here we define the …

The SARS-CoV-2 spike employs mobile receptor-binding domains (RBDs) to engage the
human ACE2 receptor and to facilitate virus entry, which can occur through low-pH-endosomal …

The RV144 HIV-1 trial of the canary pox vector (ALVAC-HIV) plus the gp120 AIDSVAX B/E
vaccine demonstrated an estimated efficacy of 31%, which correlated directly with antibodies …

The HIV-1 envelope (Env) mediates viral entry into host cells. To enable the direct imaging
of conformational dynamics within Env, we introduced fluorophores into variable regions of …

As the sole viral antigen on the HIV-1–virion surface, trimeric Env is a focus of vaccine efforts.
Here we present the structure of the ligand-free HIV-1–Env trimer, fix its conformation and …

Long-term in vivo expression of a broad and potent entry inhibitor could circumvent the
need for a conventional vaccine for HIV-1. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors can stably …