Most great ape genetic variation remains uncharacterized 1 , 2 ; however, its study is critical
for understanding population history 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , recombination 7 , selection 8 and …

Gorillas are humans’ closest living relatives after chimpanzees, and are of comparable
importance for the study of human origins and evolution. Here we present the assembly and …

It has been shown that Neanderthals contributed genetically to modern humans outside
Africa 47,000–65,000 years ago. Here we analyse the genomes of a Neanderthal and a …

Ancient genomic sequences have started to reveal the origin and the demographic impact
of farmers from the Neolithic period spreading into Europe 1 , 2 , 3 . The adoption of farming, …

Mountain gorillas are an endangered great ape subspecies and a prominent focus for
conservation, yet we know little about their genomic diversity and evolutionary past. We …

Six extant species of non-human great apes are currently recognized: Sumatran and Bornean
orangutans, eastern and western gorillas, and chimpanzees and bonobos [1]. However, …

Our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos, have a complex demographic
history. We analyzed the high-coverage whole genomes of 75 wild-born chimpanzees and …

Copy number variation (CNV) contributes to disease and has restructured the genomes of
great apes. The diversity and rate of this process, however, have not been extensively …

Genomic studies in African populations provide unique opportunities to understand disease
etiology, human diversity, and population history. In the largest study of its kind, comprising …

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification involved in regulatory processes such as cell
differentiation during development, X-chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting and …