As the immune system develops, T cells are selected or regulated to become tolerant of self
antigens and reactive against foreign antigens. In mice, the induction of such tolerance is …

The development of the adaptive immune system has been studied in the mouse primarily
because it is easier to access fetal tissues and because there exists a rich array of probes for …

Although the mammalian immune system is generally thought to develop in a linear fashion,
findings in avian and murine species argue instead for the developmentally ordered …

The hematopoietic system seeds the CNS with microglial progenitor cells during the fetal
period, but the subsequent cell generation dynamics and maintenance of this population have …

Although human T cells enter the peripheral lymphoid tissues early during fetal development,
the adaptive immune system in the fetus has largely been regarded as functionally …

Plasma cells (PCs) produce antibodies that mediate immunity after infection or vaccination.
In contrast to PCs in the bone marrow, PCs in the gut have been considered short lived. In …

Cellular heterogeneity can emerge from the expression of only one parental allele. However,
it has remained controversial whether, or to what degree, random monoallelic expression …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binds to environmental toxicants including synthetic
halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and is involved in a diverse array of biological processes. …

Human adaptive-like “memory” CD56 dim CD16 + natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral
blood from cytomegalovirus-seropositive individuals have been extensively investigated in …

The human biliary system, a mucosal barrier tissue connecting the liver and intestine, is an
organ often affected by serious inflammatory and malignant diseases. Although these …