The WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway is a critical regulator of chondrocyte and osteoblast
differentiation during multiple phases of cartilage and bone development. Although the …

To investigate the role of Wnt–β-catenin signaling in bone remodeling, we analyzed the bone
phenotype of female Axin2-lacZ knockout (KO) mice. We found that trabecular bone mass …

Objective Obesity is a state of chronic inflammation that is associated with insulin resistance
and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as an increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA). This …

In chondrocytes, PTHrP maintains them in a proliferative state and prevents premature
hypertrophy. The mechanism by which PTHrP does this is not fully understood. Both Runx2 and …

The importance of canonical transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) and bone morphogenetic
protein (BMP) signaling during cartilage and joint development is well established, but the …

A stabilized tibia fracture model was used in young (8-week old) and aged (1-year old) mice
to define the relative bone regenerative potential and the relative responsiveness of the …

RUNX2 is a transcription factor critical for chondrocyte maturation and normal endochondral
bone formation. It promotes the expression of factors catabolic to the cartilage extracellular …

Pathogenic factors associated with aging, such as oxidative stress and hormone depletion
converge on mitochondria and impair their function via opening of the mitochondrial …

Aging is an important factor in disrupted homeostasis of many tissues. While an increased
incidence of tendinopathy and tendon rupture are observed with aging, it is unclear whether …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease for which there are no disease modifying
therapies. Thus, strategies that offer chondroprotective or regenerative capability represent a …