Respiratory mucosal immunity induced by vaccination is vital for protection from coronavirus
infection in animal models. In humans, the capacity of peripheral vaccination to generate …

Background Although recent epidemiological data suggest that pneumococci may contribute
to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 disease, cases of coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae in …

Colonization of the upper respiratory tract by pneumococcus is important both as a determinant
of disease and for transmission into the population. The immunological mechanisms that …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a common cause of respiratory infection, but also frequently
colonizes the nasopharynx in the absence of disease. We used mass cytometry to study …

Control of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation at human mucosal surfaces is critical to
reducing the burden of pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease, interrupting …

Rationale: Pneumococcal pneumonia remains a global health problem. Colonization of the
nasopharynx with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), although a prerequisite of infection, is …

T cells recognize antigens via their cell surface TCR and are classified as either αβ or γδ
depending on the variable chains in their TCR, α and β or γ and δ, respectively. Both αβ and γδ …

The ability of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) to decrease transmission by blocking
the acquisition of colonization has been attributed to herd immunity. We describe the role of …

Background Broncho alveolar lavage (BAL) is widely used for investigative research to
study innate, cellular and humoral immune responses, and in early phase drug trials. …

Rationale: Pneumococcal colonization is key to the pathogenesis of invasive disease but is
also immunogenic in young adults, protecting against recolonization. Colonization is rarely …