The rich fossil record of equids has made them a model for evolutionary processes 1 . Here
we present a 1.12-times coverage draft genome from a horse bone recovered from …

Despite decades of research, the roles of climate and humans in driving the dramatic extinctions
of large-bodied mammals during the Late Quaternary period remain contentious. Here …

The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes.
However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of …

Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread
archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 14 C years …

The domestication of the horse ∼5.5 kya and the emergence of mounted riding, chariotry,
and cavalry dramatically transformed human civilization. However, the genetics underlying …

The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad 750–1050)
was a far-flung transformation in world history 1, 2. Here we sequenced the genomes …

Large-scale genomic analyses of ancient human populations have become feasible partly
due to refined sampling methods. The inner part of petrous bones and the cementum layer in …

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene 1 , 2
, 3 , 4 – 5 . Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-…

The transition from hunting and gathering to farming in Europe was brought upon by arrival
of new people carrying novel material culture and genetic ancestry. The exact nature and …

Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad
regional scales 1 , 2 , 3 – 4 . However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact …