We used a representative of one of the oldest extant vertebrate lineages (jawless fish or
agnathans) to investigate the early evolution and function of the growth hormone (GH)/prolactin (…

The cost of osmoregulation in teleosts has been debated for decades, with estimates ranging
from one to 30 % of routine metabolic rate. The variation in the energy budget appears to …

Life histories of anadromous and landlocked sea lamprey are similar, though landlocked
populations lack seawater (SW) exposure, likely experiencing relaxed selection on SW survival …

The unstable nature of freshwater ponds in arid landscapes represent a sizable challenge
for strictly aquatic organisms, such as fishes. Yet the Arabian Desert, bordering the coastline …

Lamprey (Petromyontiformes) are the oldest extant family in the vertebrate lineage, providing
a unique phylogenetic position for studies on vertebrate evolution. As a basal vertebrate, …

Fish that live in euryhaline environments in which the salinity varies substantially, such as
estuaries, are required to regulate water and ions in their body through osmoregulation in …

Sponges are an integral part of marine ecosystems, especially coral reefs, becaus
functionsnecessary to keeping the ecosystems healthy. The most important of these functions is t the …

Carnivores are distributed widely and threatened by habitat loss, poaching, climate change,
and disease. They are considered integral to ecosystem function through their direct and …

… She would also like to thank Sam Gurr, Lauren Kircher, and Jessica Norstog for their help in
the field and in the lab. A special thanks is given to the Carrubba family and the other donors …

Seasonal timing is important for many critical life history events of vertebrates, and photoperiod
is often used as a reliable seasonal cue. In mammals and birds, it has been established …