Metformin is a leading oral anti-diabetes mellitus medication and is known to stimulate GLUT4
translocation. However, the mechanism by which metformin acts is still largely unknown. …

Background Skeletal muscle atrophy is a severe condition that involves loss of muscle mass
and quality. Drug intake can also cause muscle atrophy. Biguanide metformin is the first‐…

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) acts as an immune checkpoint inhibitor in various
cancers. PD-L1 is known to be more frequently expressed in EBV (+) gastric cancer (GC). …

Background Chemotherapy is a standard therapeutic regimen to treat triple-negative breast
cancer (TNBC); however, chemotherapy alone does not result in significant improvement …

Coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) is a known anti-adipogenic factor. However, the mechanism by which
CoQ10 acts is unclear. In this study, we found that CoQ10 increased the phosphorylation …

Optical properties of the line-emitting K_2SiF_6:Mn^4+ phosphor were investigated for LED
application. The color coordinate on the CIE chromaticity diagram, photoluminescence (PL), …

Celastrol, an anti-oxidant flavonoid that is widely distributed in the plant kingdom, has been
suggested to have chemopreventive effects on cancer cells: however, the mechanism of this …

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises as a consequence of genetic events such as
gene mutation and epigenetic alteration. The aim of this study was to identify new …

Background DNA hypermethylation is a key epigenetic mechanism for the silencing of many
genes in cancer. Hinokitiol, a tropolone-related natural compound, is known to induce …

Insulin resistance is the primary cause responsible for type 2 diabetes. Phosphatase and
tensin homolog (PTEN) plays a negative role in insulin signaling and its inhibition improves …