Dopamine (DA) is a central monoamine neurotransmitter involved in many physiological and
pathological processes. A longstanding yet largely unmet goal is to measure DA changes …

Dopamine (DA) plays a critical role in the brain, and the ability to directly measure
dopaminergic activity is essential for understanding its physiological functions. We therefore …

Norepinephrine (NE) is a key biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter involved in a wide range
of physiological processes. However, its precise dynamics and regulation remain poorly …

To achieve simultaneous measurement of multiple cellular events in molecularly defined
groups of neurons in vivo, we designed a spectrometer-based fiber photometry system that …

Endocannabinoid (eCB), 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), the most abundant eCB in the
brain, regulates diverse neural functions. Here we linked multiple homozygous loss-of-function …

The default mode network (DMN) of the brain is functionally associated with a wide range of
behaviors. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron …

Norepinephrine (NE) is an essential biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter. The first-generation
NE sensor makes in vivo, real-time, cell-type-specific and region-specific NE detection …

Neuromodulation of neural networks, whereby a selected circuit is regulated by a particular
modulator, plays a critical role in learning and memory. Among neuromodulators, …

Faced with the pollution caused by particulate matter (PM) in the air, the prevalence of
infectious diseases, and the environmental burden by use of nondegradable polymers, the …

Fiber photometry is an emerging technique for recording fluorescent sensor activity in the
brain. However, significant hemoglobin absorption artifacts in fiber photometry data may be …