During the evolution of cancer, the incipient tumour experiences ‘oncogenic stress’, which
evokes a counter-response to eliminate such hazardous cells. However, the nature of this …

It is generally thought that the DNA-damage checkpoint kinases, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated
(ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR), work independently of one another. Here, we …

In response to diverse genotoxic stresses, cells activate DNA damage checkpoint pathways
to protect genomic integrity and promote survival of the organism. Depending on DNA …

Recent studies have indicated the existence of tumorigenesis barriers that slow or inhibit
the progression of preneoplastic lesions to neoplasia. One such barrier involves DNA …

Accumulation of mutations and chromosomal aberrations is one of the hallmarks of cancer
cells. This enhanced genetic instability is fueled by defects in the genome maintenance …

In the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are processed
into single-stranded DNA, triggering ATR-dependent checkpoint signalling and DSB repair by …

Cell cycle checkpoints are signal transduction pathways activated after DNA damage to
protect genomic integrity 1 . Dynamic spatiotemporal coordination is a vital, but poorly …

A cascade of events is triggered upon the addition of growth factor to quiescent mammalian
cells, which ultimately restarts proliferation by inducing the transition from G0/G1 to S-phase. …

When exposed to ionizing radiation (IR), eukaryotic cells activate checkpoint pathways to
delay the progression of the cell cycle 1 , 2 , 3 . Defects in the IR-induced S-phase checkpoint …

Accumulation of repair proteins on damaged chromosomes is required to restore genomic
integrity. However, the mechanisms of protein retention at the most destructive chromosomal …