Manipulation of the gut microbiota holds great promise for the treatment of inflammatory and
allergic diseases 1 , 2 . Although numerous probiotic microorganisms have been identified 3 …

Abstract Changes in the human gastrointestinal microbiome are associated with several
diseases. To infer causality, experiments in representative models are essential, but widely …

The rate of caesarean section delivery (CSD) is increasing worldwide. It remains unclear
whether disruption of mother-to-neonate transmission of microbiota through CSD occurs and …

Large-scale ‘meta-omic’ projects are greatly advancing our knowledge of the human
microbiome and its specific role in governing health and disease states. A myriad of ongoing …

The secretion of biomolecules into the extracellular milieu is a common and well‐conserved
phenomenon in biology. In bacteria, secreted biomolecules are not only involved in intra‐…

Various biotypes of endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) have been detected in human
circulation, including microRNAs, transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNA, and yRNA fragments. These …

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease
to be a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. The first …

Immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) is one of the highest induced genes in macrophages under
pro-inflammatory conditions. Its function has been recently described: it codes for immune-…

The intrinsic immunity factor CD317 (BST-2/HM1.24/tetherin) imposes a barrier to HIV-1
release at the cell surface that can be overcome by the viral protein Vpu. Expression of Vpu …

HIV-1 groups M and N emerged within the last century following two independent cross-species
transmissions of SIVcpz from chimpanzees to humans. In contrast to pandemic group M …