… (Yañez, Forsgren, Paxton, Fries, and de Miranda, unpublished). Usually two or three major
variants are present, constituting a sequence polymorphism in the DWV quasispecies. Fig. …

Microbial pathogens are thought to have a profound impact on insect populations. Honey bees
are suffering from elevated colony losses in the northern hemisphere possibly because of …

Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV) and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV)
are part of a complex of closely related viruses from the Family Dicistroviridae. These …

Deformed wing virus (DWV) of honeybees (Apis mellifera) is closely associated with characteristic
wing deformities, abdominal bloating, paralysis, and rapid mortality of emerging adult …

Honey bee virus research is an enormously broad area, ranging from subcellular molecular
biology through physiology and behaviour, to individual and colony-level symptoms, …

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) productively infected with Deformed wing virus (DWV) through
Varroa destructor (V. destructor) during pupal stages develop into adults showing wing and …

The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, has shaken the beekeeping and pollination industries
since its spread from its native host, the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana), to the naïve …

Over the past fifty years, annual honeybee (Apis mellifera) colony losses have been steadily
increasing worldwide. These losses have occurred in parallel with the global spread of the …

From studies of behaviour, chemical communication, genomics and developmental biology,
among many others, honey bees have long been a key organism for fundamental …

As pollinators, bees are cornerstones for terrestrial ecosystem stability and key components
in agricultural productivity. All animals, including bees, are associated with a diverse …