Somatostatin-expressing GABAergic neurons constitute a major class of inhibitory neurons
in the mammalian cortex and are characterized by dense wiring into the local network and …

Since its discovery over four decades ago, somatostatin (SOM) receives growing scientific
and clinical interest. Being localized in the nervous system in a subset of interneurons …

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway contains multiple high-confidence risk genes that are linked to
neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder. However, its ubiquitous …

Background Understanding the dynamic range for excitatory transmission is a critical
component of building a functional circuit diagram for the mammalian brain. Excitatory synaptic …

Higher-order thalamic nuclei, such as the posterior medial nucleus (POm) in the somatosensory
system or the pulvinar in the visual system, densely innervate the cortex and can …

Sleep, waking, locomotion, and attention are associated with cell-type-specific changes in
neocortical activity. The effect of brain state on circuit output requires understanding of how …

The firing activity of somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SST-INs) can suppress
network activity via both GABAa and GABAb receptors (Rs). Although SST-INs do not receive …

Neuronal phenotypes are controlled by terminal selector transcription factors in invertebrates,
but only a few examples of such regulators have been provided in vertebrates. We …

The large-conductance K + channel (BK channel) can control neural excitability, and
enhanced channel currents facilitate high firing rates in cortical neurons. The brain-specific …

Immediate-early gene (IEG) expression has been used to identify small neural ensembles
linked to a particular experience, based on the principle that a selective subset of activated …