Background: Lipid rafts are currently an intensely investigated topic of cell biology. In addition
to a demonstrated role in signal transduction of the host cell, lipid rafts serve as entry and …

Many viruses carry more than one segment of nucleic acid into the virion particle, but
retroviruses are the only known group of viruses that contain two identical (or nearly identical) …

Both retroviruses and long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons use cellular tRNAs as
primers for reverse transcription during their replication cycles. In retroviruses, primer tRNA is …

Gram‐negative bacterial peptidoglycan is specifically recognized by the host intracellular
sensor NOD1, resulting in the generation of innate immune responses. Although epithelial …

Production of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-Pol precursor protein
results from a −1 ribosomal frameshifting event. In infected cells, this generates Gag and Gag-…

Eradication of HIV-1 with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is not possible due to
the persistence of long-lived, latently infected resting memory CD4 + T cells. We now show …

The major heat shock protein hsp70 is synthesized by cells of a wide variety of organisms in
response to heat shock or other environmental stresses and is assumed to play an …

We have identified the tRNAs which are incorporated into both wild-type human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 strain IIIB (HIV-1IIIB) produced in COS-7 cells transfected with HIV-1 …

One of the hallmarks of HIV infection is the rapid development of a genetically complex
population (quasispecies) from an initially limited number of infectious particles. Genetic diversity …

Objective: HIV-1 particles are enriched with cholesterol; however, the significance of this
cholesterol enrichment is unknown. This study examines the structural and functional roles of …