Melanin pigmentation protects the skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR).
There are two types of melanin, the red phaeome-lanin and the black eumelanin, both of …

Darier disease (DD) is an autosomal-dominant skin disorder characterized by loss of
adhesion between epidermal cells (acantholysis) and abnormal keratinization. Recently we …

The p53-regulated gene product p21 WAF1/CIP1 is the prototype of a family of small proteins
that negatively regulate the cell cycle. To learn more about p21 WAF1/CIP1 regulation in …

Reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships that unite all lineages (the tree of life) is a grand
challenge. The paucity of homologous character data across disparately related lineages …

▪ Abstract Differences in skin and hair color are principally genetically determined and are
due to variation in the amount, type, and packaging of melanin polymers produced by …

Contrast material enhancement for cross-sectional imaging has been used since the mid
1970s for computed tomography and the mid 1980s for magnetic resonance imaging. …

Two-hundred and sixty-nine shoulders in 223 patients with a diagnosis of primary frozen
shoulder were studied. The main outcome measure was the Oxford shoulder score. The mean …

Overuse disorders of tendons, or tendinopathies, present a challenge to sports physicians,
surgeons, and other health care professionals dealing with athletes. The Achilles, patellar, …

Background Arthroscopic sub-acromial decompression (decompressing the sub-acromial
space by removing bone spurs and soft tissue arthroscopically) is a common surgery for …

It is widely assumed that genes that influence variation in skin and hair pigmentation are
under selection. To date, the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is the only gene identified that …