Australian horticulture relies heavily on the introduced managed honey bee, Apis mellifera
Linnaeus 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), to pollinate crops. Given the risks associated with …

1. Hover flies (Syrphidae: Diptera) are a cosmopolitan group of insects that provide important
ecosystem services including pollination and pest control. The seasonal migration of hover …

Flies (Diptera) are one of the most important groups of insect pollinators. Families Bombyliidae
(bee flies) and Syrphidae (hover flies) are globally distributed with aproximately 5000 and …

Insect herbivores and their parasitoids make up a large proportion of biodiversity, but studies
of their communities rarely involve geographic comparisons. If the community on a host …

Context Monoecious plants can adjust their proportional investment in male and female
flowers to maximise reproductive fitness. The female reproductive function (seeds) often has …

Background For specialised pollinators, the synchrony of plant and pollinator life history is
critical to the persistence of pollinator populations. This is even more critical in nursery …

1. Mutualisms are relationships of mutual exploitation, in which interacting species receive a
net benefit from their association. In obligate pollination mutualisms (OPMs), female …

Plants with a small number of specific pollinators may be vulnerable to fluctuations in the
availability of those pollinators, which could limit plant reproductive success and even result in …

Observations of climate are often available on very different spatial scales from observations
of the natural environments and resources that are affected by climate change. In order to …

Pollinator communities are composed of diverse groups of insects, with radically different
life histories and resource needs. Blow flies are known to visit a variety of economically …