X-ray diffraction was one of the early methods to be used in solving protein conformation.
The technique can give the atomic coordinates of the protein components and therefore …

Alignment quality may have as much impact on phylogenetic reconstruction as the phylogenetic
methods used. Not only the alignment algorithm, but also the method used to deal with …

The use of some multiple-sequence alignments in phylogenetic analysis, particularly those
that are not very well conserved, requires the elimination of poorly aligned positions and …

Culture-independent molecular analyses of open-sea microorganisms have revealed the
existence and apparent abundance of novel eukaryotic lineages, opening new avenues for …

The cytochrome bc complex which is encoded by the fixNOPQ operon in Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum,
is the most distant member of the haem-copper cytochrome oxidase family. We …

Nitric oxide reductases (NORs) that are found in bacteria belong to the large enzyme family
which includes cytochrome oxidases. Two types of bacterial NORs have been characterised. …

The main energy-transducing metabolic systems originated and diversified very early in the
evolution of life. This makes it difficult to unravel the precise steps in the evolution of the …

In the Linnaean system of classification, the generic status of a species is part of its binomial
name, and it is therefore important that the classification at the level of genus is consistent at …

A large number of genes is shared by all living organisms, whereas many others are unique
to some specific lineages, indicating their different times of origin. The availability of a …

Background A fundamental question in comparative genomics concerns the identification of
mechanisms that underpin chromosomal change. In an attempt to shed light on the …