Background: The management of traumatic optic neuropathy remains controversial. Reports
of improvement have been published after observation alone, treatment with corticosteroids, …

As one of the brightest natural surfaces on Earth, the darkening of snow by light-absorbing
particles (LAPs) — dust, black carbon or microbial growth — can trigger albedo feedbacks …

Smartphones are playing an increasing role in the sciences, owing to the ubiquitous
proliferation of these devices, their relatively low cost, increasing processing power and their …

Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is the largest single contributor to eustatic sea
level and is amplified by the growth of pigmented algae on the ice surface, which increases …

The Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative (SNICAR) model has been used in various capacities
over the last 15 years to model the spectral albedo of snow with light-absorbing constituents …

Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet is a leading cause of land-ice mass loss and cryosphere-attributed
sea level rise. Blooms of pigmented glacier ice algae lower ice albedo and …

“Glacier algae” grow on melting glacier and ice sheet surfaces across the cryosphere, causing
the ice to absorb more solar energy and consequently melt faster, while also turning over …

The darkening effects of biological impurities on ice and snow have been recognised as a
control on the surface energy balance of terrestrial snow, sea ice, glaciers and ice sheets. …

Runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has increased in recent years due largely to
changes in atmospheric circulation and atmospheric warming. Albedo reductions resulting from …

One of the primary controls upon the melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is albedo, a
measure of how much solar radiation that hits a surface is reflected without being absorbed. …