We review the evidence for the role of climate change in triggering disease outbreaks of
chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease of amphibians. Both climatic anomalies and …

Amphibian declines and extinctions are global and rapid: 32.5% of 5743 described species
are threatened, with at least 9, and perhaps 122, becoming extinct since 1980 (1). Species …

Recent studies increasingly note the effect of captivity or the built environment on the microbiome
of humans and other animals. As symbiotic microbes are essential to many aspects of …

The ∼26 definitions of species often yield different numbers of species and disparate
groupings, with financial, legal, biological and conservation implications. Using conservation …

Limbless organisms such as snakes can navigate nearly all terrain. In particular, desert-dwelling
sidewinder rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes) operate effectively on inclined granular …

Amphibian populations are in decline throughout Latin America; all families of frogs have
experienced declines, but the species associated with aquatic habitats in upland areas have …

The loss of global amphibian biodiversity has been well documented in recent years. The
greatest information from Latin America came from countries such as Costa Rica, Panama, …

Facultative parthenogenesis (FP)—asexual reproduction by bisexual species—has been
documented in a variety of multi-cellular organisms but only recently in snakes, varanid lizards, …

Many organisms move using traveling waves of body undulation, and most work has
focused on single-plane undulations in fluids. Less attention has been paid to multiplane …

Aim In this study, we investigate phylogeographic structure in two different species groups
of lowland toads. First, we further investigate strict parapatry of the Pliocene‐vicariant Bufo …