Calcium, phosphate, and magnesium are multivalent cations that are important for many
biologic and cellular functions. The kidneys play a central role in the homeostasis of these ions. …

Hyperphosphatemia associated with chronic kidney disease is one of the factors that can
promote vascular calcification, and intestinal P i absorption is one of the pharmacological …

Podocytes are an integral part of the glomerular filtration barrier, a structure that prevents
filtration of large proteins and macromolecules into the urine. Podocyte function is dependent …

The presence of albuminuria is strongly associated with progression of chronic kidney
disease. While albuminuria has been shown to injure renal proximal tubular cells, the effects of …

The renal glomerulus forms a selective filtration barrier that allows the passage of water,
ions, and small solutes into the urinary space while restricting the passage of cells and …

Dietary potassium (K) deficiency is accompanied by phosphaturia and decreased renal brush
border membrane (BBM) vesicle sodium (Na)-dependent phosphate (P i ) transport activity…

Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL, Lcn2) is the most widely studied biomarker
of acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have demonstrated that NGAL is produced …

Complement activation at a particular location is determined by the balance of activating
and inhibitory proteins. Factor H is a key regulator of the alternative pathway of complement, …

Albuminuria is a strong, independent predictor of chronic kidney disease progression. We
hypothesize that podocyte processing of albumin via the lysosome may be an important …

The sodium-dependent phosphate (Na/P i ) transporters NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c play a major
role in the renal reabsorption of P i . The functional need for several transporters …