Bacteriophages typically have small genomes 1 and depend on their bacterial hosts for
replication 2 . Here we sequenced DNA from diverse ecosystems and found hundreds of phage …

Coexisting microbial cells of the same species often exhibit genetic variation that can affect
phenotypes ranging from nutrient preference to pathogenicity. Here we present inStrain, a …

… Over the last 2 decades, there has been an increase in the number of toxin-producing
benthic cyanobacterial species identified and associated animal poisonings (Bouma-Gregson …

Nearshore (littoral) habitats of clear lakes with high water quality are increasingly experiencing
unexplained proliferations of filamentous algae that grow on submerged surfaces. These …

Blooms of planktonic cyanobacteria have long been of concern in lakes, but more recently,
harmful impacts of riverine benthic cyanobacterial mats been recognized. As yet, we know …

Benthic algae fuel summer food webs in many sunlit rivers, and are hotspots for primary and
secondary production and biogeochemical cycling. Concerningly, riverine benthic algal …

Soil microbial diversity is often studied from the perspective of community composition, but
less is known about genetic heterogeneity within species. The relative impacts of clonal …

… In the Eel River, California, Anabaena mats are delicate, and easily detached by flows of
>5 cm s −1 or by gentle water agitation (Bouma-Gregson, personal observation). When these …

… To date, the main cyanotoxins found in the Eel River (K. Bouma-Gregson, unpubl. data) and
in stomachs of dogs that died after swimming in it (Hill, 2010) are neurotoxic. Hepatotoxins (…

Harmful algal blooms of cyanobacteria are increasing in magnitude and frequency globally,
degrading inland and coastal aquatic ecosystems and adversely affecting public health. …