The concept of nervous inhibition as a physiological phenomenon in its own right--not merely
as a lack of excitation--was central to a number of early theories on the integrative function …

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the main inhibitory transmitter in the adult brain, and it exerts
its fast hyperpolarizing effect through activation of anion (predominantly Cl − )-permeant …

Electrical signaling in neurons is based on the operation of plasmalemmal ion pumps and
carriers that establish transmembrane ion gradients, and on the operation of ion channels that …

Synchronization of neuronal activity, often associated with network oscillations, is thought to
provide a means for integrating anatomically distributed processing in the brain. Neuronal …

Recent years have witnessed a steep increase in studies on the diverse roles of neuronal
cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs). The versatility of CCC gene transcription, …

Pathophysiological activity and various kinds of traumatic insults are known to have deleterious
long-term effects on neuronal Cl − regulation, which can lead to a suppression of fast …

Electrical activity in neurons requires a seamless functional coupling between plasmalemmal
ion channels and ion transporters. Although ion channels have been studied intensively …

Changes in chloride (Cl − ) homeostasis may be involved in the generation of some epileptic
activities. In this study, we asked whether Cl − homeostasis, and thus GABAergic signaling, …

GABA-mediated fast-hyperpolarizing inhibition depends on extrusion of chloride by the
neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter, KCC2. Here we show that sustained interictal-like activity in …

Human cortical activity has been intensively examined at frequencies ranging from 0.5 Hz to
several hundred Hz. Recent studies have, however, reported also infraslow fluctuations in …