The anatomy of the mammalian visual system, from the retina to the neocortex, is organized
hierarchically 1 . However, direct observation of cellular-level functional interactions across …

Neurons are frequently classified into distinct types on the basis of structural, physiological,
or genetic attributes. To better constrain the definition of neuronal cell types, we …

The mammalian visual system, from retina to neocortex, has been extensively studied at
both anatomical and functional levels. Anatomy indicates the cortico-thalamic system is …

Local and global forms of inhibition controlling directionally selective ganglion cells (DSGCs)
in the mammalian retina are well documented. It is established that local inhibition arising …

Neurons are frequently classified into distinct groups or cell types on the basis of structural,
physiological, or genetic attributes. To better constrain the definition of neuronal cell types, …

The detection of novel stimuli is critical to learn and survive in a dynamic environment. Though
novel stimuli powerfully affect brain activity, their impact on specific cell types and circuits …

Spinal ventral interneurons regulate the activity of motor neurons, thereby controlling motor
activities. Interneurons arise during embryonic development from distinct progenitor domains …

Background The explanted, developing rodent retina provides an efficient and accessible
preparation for use in gene transfer and pharmacological experimentation. Many of the …

Paralog factors are usually described as consolidating biological systems by displaying
redundant functionality in the same cells. Here, we report that paralogs can also cooperate in …

Neurons are frequently classified into distinct groups or cell types on the basis of structural,
physiological, or genetic attributes. To better constrain the definition of neuronal cell types, …