The tryptophan (TRP) to kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway is now firmly established as a
key regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. A plethora of preclinical models suggests …

Indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors have entered clinical trials based on their ability
to restore anti-tumor immunity in preclinical studies. However, the mechanisms leading to …

1-methyl-D-tryptophan (1-D-MT) is currently being used in clinical trials in patients with
relapsed or refractory solid tumors with the aim of inhibiting indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-…

Benzodiazepines are widely administered drugs to treat anxiety and insomnia. In addition to
tolerance development and abuse liability, their chronic use may cause cognitive …

Mutation-specific vaccines have become increasingly important in glioma immunotherapy;
however, shared neoepitopes are rare. For diffuse gliomas, a driver mutation in the gene for …

Malignant gliomas are primary brain tumors characterized by profound local immunosuppression.
While the remarkable plasticity of perivascular cells – resembling mesenchymal stem …

OBJECTIVES: Nasal and paranasal sinus malignancies are rare. The most common lesions
are located in the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus, although they also occur in the …

Multimodal imaging combines complementary platforms for spatially resolved tissue
analysis that are poised for application in life science and personalized medicine. Unlike …

Malignant gliomas and other types of tumors generate a local immunosuppressive
microenvironment, which prohibits an effective anti‐tumor immune response and promotes tumor …

Tryptophan catabolism is increasingly recognized as a key and druggable molecular
mechanism active in cancer, immune, and glioneural cells and involved in the modulation of …