Microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) display a high degree of phenotypic and functional
heterogeneity among different organs. Organ-specific ECs control their tissue …

Objective Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9, a member of the transforming growth factor-β
family of cytokines, is constitutively produced in the liver. Systemic levels act on many …

Patient-derived organoids resemble the biology of tissues and tumors, enabling ex vivo
modeling of human diseases. They have heterogeneous morphologies with unclear biological …

In this study we used differentiated adult human upcyte ® cells for the in vitro generation of
liver organoids. Upcyte ® cells are genetically engineered cell strains derived from primary …

Microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) are increasingly recognized as organ-specific gatekeepers
of their microenvironment. Microvascular ECs instruct neighboring cells in their organ-…

TGF-β1 is a major player in chronic liver diseases promoting fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis
through various mechanisms. The expression and function of TGF-β2 have not been …

The peptide hormone hepcidin regulates mammalian iron homeostasis by blocking
ferroportin-mediated iron export from macrophages and the duodenum. During inflammation, …

Liver fibrosis is a reversible wound‐healing response to injury reflecting the critical balance
between liver repair and scar formation. Chronic damage leads to progressive substitution of …

Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) is an important mechanism to initiate cancer invasion
and metastasis. Bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP )‐9 is a member of the transforming …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2 to BMP-15) belong to the Transforming Growth Factor
(TGF)-β superfamily and, besides their well-documented roles during embryogenesis and …