Photosynthesis converts light energy into biologically useful chemical energy vital to life on
Earth. The initial reaction of photosynthesis takes place in photosystem II (PSII), a 700-…

Photosystem II (PSII) is a huge membrane-protein complex consisting of 20 different subunits
with a total molecular mass of 350 kDa for a monomer. It catalyses light-driven water …

The Collaborative Computational Project No. 4 (CCP4) is a UK-led international collective
with a mission to develop, test, distribute and promote software for macromolecular …

Photosynthetic water oxidation is catalyzed by the Mn 4 CaO 5 cluster of photosystem II (PSII)
with linear progression through five S-state intermediates (S 0 to S 4 ). To reveal the …

CrystFEL is a suite of programs for processing data from `serial crystallography' experiments,
which are usually performed using X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) but also increasingly …

Krokinobacter eikastus rhodopsin 2 (KR2) is the first light-driven Na + pump discovered,
and is viewed as a potential next-generation optogenetics tool. Since the positively charged …

In protein microcrystallography, radiation damage often hampers complete and high-resolution
data collection from a single crystal, even under cryogenic conditions. One promising …

ChRmine, a recently discovered pump-like cation-conducting channelrhodopsin, exhibits
puzzling properties (large photocurrents, red-shifted spectrum, and extreme light sensitivity) …

Staphylococcal γ-hemolysin is a bicomponent pore-forming toxin composed of LukF and
Hlg2. These proteins are expressed as water-soluble monomers and then assemble into the …

In 2020, cryo-EM single-particle analysis achieved true atomic resolution thanks to
technological developments in hardware and software. The number of high-resolution …