Irisin is secreted by muscle, increases with exercise, and mediates certain favorable effects
of physical activity. In particular, irisin has been shown to have beneficial effects in adipose …

The WNT16 locus is a major determinant of cortical bone thickness and nonvertebral
fracture risk in humans. The disability, mortality and costs caused by osteoporosis-induced …

Bone is a favorable microenvironment for tumor growth and a frequent destination for
metastatic cancer cells. Targeting cancers within the bone marrow remains a crucial oncologic …

Osteocytes secrete paracrine factors that regulate the balance between bone formation and
destruction. Among these molecules, sclerostin (encoded by the gene SOST) inhibits …

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates receptors on osteocytes to orchestrate bone formation
and resorption. Here we show that PTH inhibition of SOST (sclerostin), a WNT antagonist, …

Chondrocytes proliferate and mature into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Vascular invasion into
the cartilage occurs in the terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte layer, and terminal …

Irisin, a skeletal-muscle secreted myokine, facilitates muscle-bone crosstalk and skeletal
remodeling in part by its action on osteoblasts and osteocytes. In this study, we investigated …

Osteocytes within the mineralized bone matrix control bone remodeling by regulating
osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Osteocytes express the aging suppressor Klotho, but the …

Rationale Variation in the rate at which drugs reach the brain influences many different drug
effects and is also thought to influence liability to addiction. For example, rapid intravenous …

Osteoblasts and adipocytes arise from a common mesenchymal precursor cell. The cell fate
decision of a mesenchymal precursor cell is under the influence of molecular cues and …