The covalent attachment of different types of poly‐ubiquitin chains signal different outcomes
for the proteins so targeted. For example, a protein modified with Lys‐48‐linked poly‐…

Propofol is the most widely used injectable general anesthetic. Its targets include ligand-gated
ion channels such as the GABA A receptor, but such receptor-channel complexes remain …

The Josephin domain is a conserved cysteine protease domain found in four human
deubiquitinating enzymes: ataxin-3, the ataxin-3-like protein (ATXN3L), Josephin-1, and Josephin-2…

Many large natural product antibiotics act by specifically binding and sequestering target
molecules found on bacterial cells. We have developed a new strategy to expedite the …

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na V ) play an important role in general anesthesia.
Electrophysiology measurements suggest that volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane inhibit Na V …

Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are commonly treated with glycopeptide antibiotics
such as teicoplanin. This drug inhibits bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis by binding and …

The VanRS two-component system regulates the resistance phenotype of vancomycin-resistant
enterococci. VanS is a sensor histidine kinase that responds to the presence of …

The MJD family of human deubiquitinating enzymes contains four members: Ataxin-3, the
ataxin-3-like protein (AT3L), Josephin-1, and Josephin-2. All share a conserved catalytic unit …

Adults with sickle cell disease bear a mutation in the β-globin gene, leading to the expression
of sickle hemoglobin (HbS; α 2 β S 2 ). Adults also possess the gene for γ-globin, which is …

Gram-negative bacteria use TonB-dependent transport to take up nutrients from the external
environment, employing the Ton complex to import a variety of nutrients that are either …