Cultivated strawberry emerged from the hybridization of two wild octoploid species, both
descendants from the merger of four diploid progenitor species into a single nucleus more than …

Two major arms of the inflammatory response are the NF‐κB and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)
pathways. Here, we show that enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) employs the …

The complex host-pathogen interplay involves the recognition of the pathogen by the host's
innate immune system and countermeasures taken by the pathogen. Detection of invading …

INTRODUCTION Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely cultivated crop on Earth,
contributing about a fifth of the total calories consumed by humans. Consequently, wheat …

Allotetraploid cotton is an economically important natural-fiber-producing crop worldwide.
After polyploidization, Gossypium hirsutum L. evolved to produce a higher fiber yield and to …

The emergence of pathogenic strains of enteric bacteria and their adaptation to unique niches
are associated with the acquisition of foreign DNA segments termed ‘genetic islands’. We …

Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the founder crops that likely drove the Neolithic transition to
sedentary agrarian societies in the Fertile Crescent more than 10,000 years ago. Identifying …

Bacteria use type III secretion systems (TTSS) to translocate effector proteins into host cells.
Better understanding of the TTSS and its effectors' functions will require assays to measure …

Males and females often differ in their fitness optima for shared traits that have a shared
genetic basis, leading to sexual conflict. Morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes can …

The maize W22 inbred has served as a platform for maize genetics since the mid twentieth
century. To streamline maize genome analyses, we have sequenced and de novo assembled …