Modern cartilaginous fishes are divided into elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates) and
chimaeras, and the lack of established whole-genome sequences for the former has …

Understanding the characteristics of cancer cells is essential for the development of
improved diagnosis and therapeutics. From a gene regulation perspective, the super‐enhancer …

A Turing mechanism implemented by BMP, SOX9 and WNT has been proposed to control
mouse digit patterning. However, its generality and contribution to the morphological diversity …

Possession of paired appendages is regarded as a novelty that defines crown gnathostomes
and allows sophisticated behavioral and locomotive patterns. During embryonic …

10.7554/eLife.07048.001 The pectoral fins of ancestral fishes had multiple proximal elements
connected to their pectoral girdles. During the fin-to-limb transition, anterior proximal …

We explored the molecular mechanisms of morphological transformations of vertebrate
paired fin/limb evolution by comparative gene expression profiling and functional analyses. In …

Precise cis-regulatory control of gene expression is essential for normal embryogenesis and
tissue development. The BMP antagonist Gremlin1 (Grem1) is a key node in the signalling …

Background: Studying cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyans) has helped us understand
vertebrate evolution and diversity. However, resources such as genome sequences, embryos, …

Inferring the phenotype of the last common ancestor of living vertebrates is a challenging
problem because of several unresolvable factors. They include the lack of reliable out-groups …

The origin of paired fins has long been a focus of both paleontologists and developmental
biologists. Fossil records indicate that the first pair of fin‐like structures emerged in the body …