The ability of bacterial populations to develop phenotypically heterogeneous subpopulations
has been recognized for decades. A recent study found that genetic hallmarks of …

Bacterial genomes evolve in complex ecosystems and are best understood in this natural
context, but replicating such conditions in the lab is challenging. We used transposon …

Alphaproteobacteria commonly produce an adhesin that is anchored to the exterior of the
envelope at one cell pole. In Caulobacter crescentus this adhesin, known as the holdfast, …

The opportunistic nosocomial pathogen Clostridioides difficile exhibits phenotypic heterogeneity
through phase variation, a stochastic, reversible process that modulates expression. In …

Bacteria are often attached to surfaces in natural ecosystems. A surface-associated lifestyle
can have advantages, but shifts in the physiochemical state of the environment may result in …

… hMDMs were primed with Pam3CSK4 for 3 h and infected with PBS (mock), WT Listeria (Lm),
or Lm strains expressing PrgJ and PrgI at a multiplicity of infection of five for 16 h. (A) Cell …

… We infected hMDMs with WT control Lm or bacteria expressing PrgJ, SsaI, or SsaG and …
and IL-1β secretion compared to mock infection or WT Lm infection alone (Figs 7A and S10), in …

The cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission systems are known to be severely
disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). GABAergic neurotransmission, in contrast, is generally …

Background Besides the two main classical features of amyloid beta aggregation and tau-containing
neurofibrillary tangle deposition, neuroinflammation plays an important yet unclear …

In recent years the emergence and resurgence of arboviruses have generated a global
health alert. Among arboviruses, Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Yellow Fever (YFV), and West …