In this paper we review the technologies available to make globally quantitative observations
of particles in general—and plankton in particular—in the world oceans, and for sizes …

Quantitative imaging instruments produce a large number of images of plankton and marine
snow, acquired in a controlled manner, from which the visual characteristics of individual …

Aquatic ecologists face challenges in identifying the general rules of the functioning of
ecosystems. A common framework, including freshwater, marine, benthic, and pelagic ecologists, …

Microbes are dominant drivers of biogeochemical processes, yet drawing a global picture of
functional diversity, microbial community structure, and their ecological determinants …

Marine plankton support global biological and geochemical processes. Surveys of their
biodiversity have hitherto been geographically restricted and have not accounted for the full …

The biological carbon pump is the process by which CO 2 is transformed to organic carbon
via photosynthesis, exported through sinking particles, and finally sequestered in the deep …

Microbes drive most ecosystems and are modulated by viruses that impact their lifespan,
gene flow, and metabolic outputs. However, ecosystem-level impacts of viral community …

We present solutions for nutrient transfer to osmotrophs in the full range of flow regimes for
which solutions have been published, and we extend some of those solutions to new …

Whereas DNA viruses are known to be abundant, diverse, and commonly key ecosystem
players, RNA viruses are insufficiently studied outside disease settings. In this study, we …

The ocean is home to myriad small planktonic organisms that underpin the functioning of
marine ecosystems. However, their spatial patterns of diversity and the underlying drivers …