Presynaptic increase in striatal dopamine is the primary dopaminergic abnormality in
schizophrenia, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Here, we hypothesized that …

Background & Aims RET, the receptor for the glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
family ligands, is the most frequently mutated gene in congenital aganglionic megacolon …

Degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is the principal lesion in Parkinson’s
disease. Because glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes survival of …

Midbrain dopamine neuron dysfunction contributes to various psychiatric and neurological
diseases, including drug addiction and Parkinson's disease. Because of its well established …

Currently available genetic tools do not allow researchers to upregulate (‘Knock Up’) the
levels of a given protein while retaining its cell-type-specific regulation. As a result, we have …

Neurotrophic factor glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), its co-receptor GDNF
family receptor alpha 1 (GFRa1), and signaling receptor RET tyrosine kinase are essential to …

Fig 4. Increased endogenous GDNF expression affects the development and function of the
nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.(A) Levels of phosphorylated ERK2 at P7. 5 in the striatum …

The enteric nervous system continues to undergo changes throughout life. Changes in both
enteric neurons and glial cells in old age have been reported, but our understanding both of …

During the past decade, 3ʹ untranslated regions (3ʹUTRs) of mRNAs continue to emerge
as important sites for gene regulation due to the binding of microRNAs (miRs), RNA-binding …