Chronic pain exerts an enormous personal and economic burden, affecting more than 30%
of people worldwide according to some studies. Unlike acute pain, which carries survival …

In analgesic clinical trials, adverse events are reported for the painkiller under evaluation
and compared with adverse events in the placebo group. Interestingly, patients who receive …

Patients' expectations are important predictors of the outcome of analgesic treatments, as
demonstrated predominantly in research on placebo effects. Three commonly investigated …

A previous meta-analysis of clinical analgesic trial studies showed generally low magnitudes
of placebo analgesia (N. Engl. J. Med. 344 (2001) 1594). However, as studies included in …

Background: Placebo and nocebo effects occur in clinical or laboratory medical contexts
after administration of an inert treatment or as part of active treatments and are due to …

Recent meta-analyses find various magnitudes of placebo analgesia effects in placebo
mechanism trials versus placebo control trials, which have led to debate. To further investigate …

In order to investigate external factors that may influence the magnitude of placebo
analgesia as well as psychological factors that mediate placebo analgesia, 13 irritable bowl …

… in our previous study and the level of pain in the NH condition, the magnitude of placebo
analgesia, and the pattern of results were very similar to the findings in the current study (Vase …

The investigation of nocebo effects is evolving, and a few literature reviews have emerged,
although so far without quantifying such effects. This meta-analysis investigated nocebo …

Objective To assess prospectively the risk of fetal loss associated with chorionic villus sampling
( CVS ) and amniocentesis ( AC ) following combined first‐trimester screening ( cFTS ) …