Decades of work have elucidated cytokine signalling and transcriptional pathways that control
T cell differentiation and have led the way to targeted biologic therapies that are effective …

Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in host defense against pathogens. Recently,
phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) from Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) were …

Electronic (e)-cigarette use is rapidly rising, with 20 % of Americans ages 25–44 now using
these drug delivery devices. E-cigarette users expose their airways, cells of host defense, …

Electronic (e)-cigarettes theoretically may be safer than conventional tobacco. However, our
prior studies demonstrated direct adverse effects of e-cigarette vapor (EV) on airway cells, …

E‐cigarette aerosols are exceedingly different from conventional tobacco smoke, containing
dozens of chemicals not found in cigarette smoke. It is highly likely that chronic use of e‐…

Background Increased inflammation has been well defined in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),
while definitive pathways driving severe forms of this disease remain uncertain. …

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is correlated with pulmonary vascular remodeling. The
hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) HIF-1α and HIF-2α are known to contribute to …

Background: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, causes widespread damage
in the lungs in the setting of an overzealous immune response whose origin remains …

Although the US Food and Drug Administration has not approved e-cigarettes as a cessation
aid, industry has at times positioned their products in that way for adults trying to quit …

The use of electronic (e)-cigarettes was initially considered a beneficial solution to conventional
cigarette smoking cessation. However, paradoxically, e-cigarette use is rapidly growing …