Aim To review briefly the methods, assumptions, models, accomplishments, drawbacks and
future directions of research using drug self‐administration in animals and humans. …

Cannabis has long been known to produce cognitive and emotional effects. Research has
shown that cannabinoid drugs produce these effects by driving the brain’s endogenous …

Inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) increase endogenous levels of anandamide (a
cannabinoid CB 1 -receptor ligand) and oleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide (…

Drug-discrimination (DD) techniques can be used to study abuse-related effects by
establishing the interoceptive effects of a training drug (eg, cocaine) as a cue for performing a …

Rationale Although numerous studies have documented that nicotine can function as an
effective reinforcer of intravenous self-administration behavior in animals, it has not been …

In a rat model of drug craving and relapse, cue-induced drug seeking progressively
increases after withdrawal from methamphetamine and other drugs, a phenomenon termed ‘…

BACKGROUND:: Recent findings indicate that inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)
counteract the rewarding effects of nicotine in rats. Inhibition of FAAH increases levels of …

Although it is more common for drug abuse to progress from tobacco to cannabis, in many
cases cannabis use develops before tobacco use. Epidemiological evidence indicates that …

On a second-order schedule, a subject responds according to one schedule (the unit schedule)
for a brief presentation of a stimulus such as a light. Responding by the subject on this …

Enhancing the effects of endogenously-released cannabinoid ligands in the brain might
provide therapeutic effects more safely and effectively than administering drugs that act directly …