How might one determine whether simple animals such as flies sleep in stages? Sleep in
mammals is a dynamic process involving different stages of sleep intensity, and these are …

Given the role that sleep plays in modulating plasticity, we hypothesized that increasing
sleep would restore memory to canonical memory mutants without specifically rescuing the …

Sleep is not a single state, but a complex set of brain processes that supports several
physiological needs. Sleep deprivation is known to affect attention in many animals, suggesting …

The dynamic nature of sleep in many animals suggests distinct stages that serve different
functions. Genetic sleep induction methods in animal models provide a powerful way to …

A crucial function of the brain is to be able to distinguish whether or not changes in the
environment are caused by one's own actions. Even the smallest brains appear to be capable of …

In order to cause disease fungal pathogens must be capable of evading or tolerating the
host immune defence system. One commonly utilized evasion mechanism is the ability to …

Microtubules have been known for decades to be basic elements of the cytoskeleton. They
form long, dynamic, rope-like structures within the cell that are essential for mitosis, …

Although sleep deprivation is known to impair attention in humans and other mammals, the
underlying reasons are not well understood, and whether similar effects are present in non-…

Nervous system function requires proper development of two functional and morphological
domains of neurons, axons and dendrites. Although both these domains are equally …

Neurexins are cell adhesion molecules that are important for synaptic plasticity and
homeostasis, although links to sleep have not yet been investigated. We examined the effects of …