Lignin content and composition are two important agronomic traits for the utilization of
agricultural residues. Rice (Oryza sativa) gold hull and internode phenotype is a classical …

10.7554/eLife.32794.001 The shape and function of plant cells are often highly interdependent.
The puzzle-shaped cells that appear in the epidermis of many plants are a striking …

Sexual reproduction is essential for the life cycle of most angiosperms. However, pseudovivipary
is an important reproductive strategy in some grasses. In this mode of reproduction, …

Organ sizes and shapes are strikingly reproducible, despite the variable growth and division
of individual cells within them. To reveal which mechanisms enable this precision, we …

Ploidy and size phenomena are observed to be correlated across several biological scales,
from subcellular to organismal. Two kinds of ploidy change can affect plants. Whole-genome …

Gibberellin (GA) 2-oxidase plays a key role in the GA catabolic pathway through 2β-hydroxylation.
In the present study, we isolated a CaMV 35S-enhancer activation tagged mutant, …

The switch from mitosis to meiosis is one of the most pivotal events in eukaryotes undergoing
sexual reproduction. However, the mechanisms orchestrating meiosis initiation remain …

In budding yeast, the ZMM complex is closely associated with class I crossovers and synaptonemal
complex (SC) formation. However, the relationship between the ZMM genes remains …

Development is remarkably reproducible, producing organs with the same size, shape, and
function repeatedly from individual to individual. For example, every flower on the …

The geometries and topologies of leaves, flowers, roots, shoots, and their arrangements
have fascinated plant biologists and mathematicians alike. As such, plant morphology is …