Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of
Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft …

We present a high-quality genome sequence of a Neanderthal woman from Siberia. We
show that her parents were related at the level of half-siblings and that mating among close …

Analysis of Neandertal DNA holds great potential for investigating the population history of
this group of hominins, but progress has been limited due to the rarity of samples and …

To date, the only Neandertal genome that has been sequenced to high quality is from an
individual found in Southern Siberia. We sequenced the genome of a female Neandertal from ~…

Although it has previously been shown that Neanderthals contributed DNA to modern humans
1 , 2 , not much is known about the genetic diversity of Neanderthals or the relationship …

The question of how the Indo-European family of lan-idea more than a passing thought. Here
we aim to disguages came to occupy a broad swath of Europe and cuss this idea in greater …

For the first time, we have identified evidence that the disappearance of Neanderthals in the
Caucasus coincides with a volcanic eruption at about 40,000 BP. Our data support the …

Advances in direct radiocarbon dating of Neanderthal and anatomically modern human (AMH)
fossils and the development of archaeostratigraphic chronologies now allow refined …

Ancient DNA has provided new insights into many aspects of human history. However, we
lack comprehensive studies of the Y chromosomes of Denisovans and Neanderthals because …

This paper presents a short review of the data and new approaches to Middle Paleolithic
chronology and variability in the Caucasus. A climatostratigraphic scheme of the Caucasian …