The T cell protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) was identified as a crucial negative
regulator of the immune system over 15 years ago, but its mechanisms of action are still …

The remarkable capacity of the mammalian immune system to coordinate deadly attacks
against numerous invading pathogens, yet turn a blind eye to self-tissues continues to fascinate …

Both the CTLA-4 pathway and regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential for the control of immune
homeostasis. Their therapeutic relevance is highlighted by the increasing use of anti-CTLA…

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an essential negative regulator of T cell
immune responses whose mechanism of action is the subject of debate. CTLA-4 shares two …

The active form of vitamin D, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1, 25 (OH) 2 D 3), has potent
immunomodulatory properties that have promoted its potential use in the prevention and treatment …

The protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential negative regulator of
immune responses, and its loss causes fatal autoimmunity in mice. We studied a large family …

The failure of CD25 + regulatory T cells (T regs ) to proliferate after T cell receptor (TCR)
stimulation in vitro has lead to their classification as naturally anergic. Here we use T regs …

Mice rendered deficient in CD28 signaling by the soluble competitor, cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated
molecule 4–immunoglobulin G1 fusion protein (CTLA4-Ig), fail to upregulate …

The mechanism of action of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) remains
surprisingly unclear. Regulatory T (Treg) cells can use CTLA-4 to elicit suppression; however, …

The profound influence of CD28 and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) on T‐cell
immunity has been known for over a decade, yet the precise roles played by these molecules …