Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used to study molecular ecology and phylogeography
for 25 years. Much important information has been gained in this way, but it is time to reflect …

Assisted gene flow (AGF) between populations has the potential to mitigate maladaptation
due to climate change. However, AGF may cause outbreeding depression (especially if …

Experimental evolution is the study of evolutionary processes occurring in experimental
populations in response to conditions imposed by the experimenter. This research approach is …

… WHITLOCK, MC1992a. Nonequilibrium population structure in forked fungus beetles: …
WHITLOCK, MC1992b. Temporal fluctuations in demographic parameters and the genetic …

New alleles arising in a population by mutation ultimately are either fixed or lost. Either is
possible, for both beneficial and deleterious alleles, because of stochastic changes in allele …

The most commonly used method in evolutionary biology for combining information across
multiple tests of the same null hypothesis is Fisher's combined probability test. This note …

Robustness is the invariance of phenotypes in the face of perturbation. The robustness of
phenotypes appears at various levels of biological organization, including gene expression, …

… allele surfing (Lotterhos and Whitlock 2014, 2015) and none have included background
selection. … Aitken, SN, and MC Whitlock. 2013. Assisted gene flow to facilitate local adaptation to …

Many ecologically important traits have a complex genetic basis, with the potential for mutations
at many different genes to shape the phenotype. Even so, studies of local adaptation in …

F ST outlier tests are a potentially powerful way to detect genetic loci under spatially divergent
selection. Unfortunately, the extent to which these tests are robust to nonequilibrium …