A subset of human neocortical neurons harbors complex karyotypes wherein megabase-scale
copy-number variants (CNVs) alter allelic diversity. Divergent levels of neurons with …

Megabase-scale somatic copy number variants (CNVs) alter allelic diversity in a subset of
human neocortical neurons. Reported frequencies of CNV neurons range from ∼5% of …

Ab diversity in most vertebrates results from the assortment of amino acid side chains on CDR
loops formed through V (D) J recombination. Cows (Bos taurus) have a low combinatorial …

The genomes of most vertebrates contain many V, D, and J gene segments within their Ig
loci to construct highly variable CDR3 sequences through combinatorial diversity. This …

In the mammalian immune system, the surrogate light chain (SLC) shapes the antibody
repertoire during B cell development by serving as a checkpoint for production of functional …

Antibodies are the key circulating molecules that have evolved to fight infection by the
adaptive immune system of vertebrates. Typical antibodies of most species contain six …

Typical antibodies found in humans and mice usually have short CDR H3s and generally
flat binding surfaces. However, cows possess a subset of antibodies with ultralong CDR H3s …

The development of nematicides targeting parasitic nematodes of animals and plants
requires the identification of biochemical targets not found in host organisms. Recent studies …

Male canaries (Serinus canaria) display seasonal changes in the motivation to sing which
have been found to be dependent on the action of testosterone (T). During the breeding …