Narcolepsy-cataplexy is a disabling sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime
sleepiness and abnormal REM sleep. The development of human narcolepsy involves …

Insulin and glucagon secretion from the islets of Langerhans is highly regulated. Although
an increased plasma glucose level is the major stimulus for insulin exocytosis, roles for …

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian organisms and is a key
enzyme in nitrogen metabolism. It is the only known enzyme capable of synthesising …

To determine the effect of metabolic acidosis on expression of L-Gln, L-Glu, and L-Asp
metabolizing enzymes and transporters, the relative content of mRNA, protein, or mRNA and …

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a cytosolic enzyme that produces glutamine, the most abundant
free amino acid in the human body. Glutamine is a major substrate for various metabolic …

Ammonium chloride addition to drinking water is often used to induce metabolic acidosis (MA)
in rodents but may also cause mild dehydration. Previous microarray screening of acidotic …

Vascular calcification (VC) is a life-threatening complication of CKD. Severe protein restriction
causes a shortage of essential amino acids, and exacerbates VC in rats. Therefore, we …

Ammoniagenesis occurs at the site of renal proximal tubule and is essential for correcting
disturbances in acid-base homeostasis. These disturbances can manifest with changes in diet, …

Intercellular communication is pivotal in optimizing and synchronizing cellular responses to
keep homeostasis and to respond adequately to external stimuli. In the central nervous …

Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the recycling of NH4+ with glutamate to form 29 glutamine.
Glutamine synthetase is highly expressed in the renal proximal tubule, suggesting 30 …