The earth contains a huge number of largely uncharacterized Bacteria and Archaea.
Microbiologists are struggling to summarize their genetic diversity and classify them, which has …

… Due to the polyphyletic nature of serovars and an error rate of serotyping of at least several
percent, Achtman et al. also recommended ‘phasing out the routine use of serovars, and …

… was within the M. tuberculosis complex, in which sequencing 31 kb of coding sequences
from multiple strains revealed 30 synonymous SNPs (sSNPs) (76). M. tuberculosis probably …

Traditional and molecular typing schemes for the characterization of pathogenic microorganisms
are poorly portable because they index variation that is difficult to compare among …

Pathogenic Escherichia coli cause over 160 million cases of dysentery and one million deaths
per year, whereas non‐pathogenic E. coli constitute part of the normal intestinal flora of …

Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica are closely
related Gram-negative β-proteobacteria that colonize the respiratory tracts of mammals. B. …

Helicobacter pylori, a chronic gastric pathogen of human beings, can be divided into seven
populations and subpopulations with distinct geographical distributions. These modern …

Neisseria meningitidis causes bacterial meningitis and is therefore responsible for considerable
morbidity and mortality in both the developed and the developing world. Meningococci …

Plague, one of the most devastating diseases of human history, is caused by Yersinia pestis.
In this study, we analyzed the population genetic structure of Y. pestis and the two other …

Infection of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori is ubiquitous among humans. However,
although H. pylori strains from different geographic areas are associated with clear …