The Pontocaspian (Black Sea - Caspian Sea) region has a very dynamic history of basin
development and biotic evolution. The region is the remnant of a once vast Paratethys Sea. It …

… a, Vertical projection (x–y excavation squares are 1 × 1 m; in-situ articulated cervical vertebrae
… Herrmer for identification of cheetah remains from Dmanisi; M. Delfino for providing a …

The Pliocene and Early Pleistocene three-toed horses of Western Eurasia (Caucasus, Anatolia,
Balkans, Eastern and Central Europe, Italian and Iberian Peninsulas and England) have …

The sequencing of ancient DNA has enabled the reconstruction of speciation, migration and
admixture events for extinct taxa 1 . However, the irreversible post-mortem degradation 2 of …

Equus suessebornensis is one of the most intriguing species of the Early and Middle
Pleistocene Eurasian Equus. Although it was described from the Middle Pleistocene site of …

The Global climate reorganisation in the late Pliocene linked to enhancement of the Atlantic
Ocean Thermohaline Circulation (AOTC), instigated a transition to glacial-interglacial …

… M. Bukhsianidze, unless mentioned otherwise. We fully acknowledge the need of taxonomic
revisions, which is a long-term future task. This paper is rather a critical summary of what is …

We undertake a comparative mammalian zoogeographic analysis with the aim of revealing
the extent to which the Dmanisi Early Pleistocene large mammal assemblage resembles, at …

… have a flat insertion for the m. extensor carpalis and a long insertion for the m. interossei. …
Nevertheless, it seems that the tibia- and fibula-facets are absent and that the insertion for the m…

… The molars have mesostyles as in P 3 and P 4 ; protocones become longer serially from M
1 to M 3 , with M 1 and M 2 having moderately deeply incised hypoglyphs as in P 4 ; M 3 has …