Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled machines to plan in tasks
previously thought to be uniquely human. Meanwhile, the planning algorithms implemented …

Humans adapt their behavior to their external environment in a process often facilitated by
learning. Efforts to describe learning empirically can be complemented by quantitative …

To make decisions, animals must evaluate candidate choices by accessing memories of
relevant experiences. Yet little is known about which experiences are considered or ignored …

INTRODUCTION Adaptive decision-making requires assimilation of reward information to
guide subsequent choices. However, actions and outcomes are often separated by time and …

The complexity of neural dynamics stems in part from the complexity of the underlying
anatomy. Yet how white matter structure constrains how the brain transitions from one cognitive …

During linguistic processing, a set of brain regions on the lateral surfaces of the left frontal,
temporal, and parietal cortices exhibit robust responses. These areas display highly …

One of the most remarkable features of the human brain is its ability to adapt rapidly and
efficiently to external task demands. Novel and non-routine tasks, for example, are implemented …

Cognitive fatigue and boredom are two phenomenological states that reflect overt task
disengagement. In this article, we present a rational analysis of the temporal structure of …

Stimulus counterbalance is critical for studies of neural habituation, bias, anticipation, and (more
generally) the effect of stimulus history and context. We introduce de Bruijn cycles, a …

10.7554/eLife.42992.001 Although midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons have been thought to
primarily encode reward prediction error (RPE), recent studies have also found movement-…