To adapt behavior to a changing environment, one must monitor outcomes of executed
actions and adjust subsequent actions accordingly. Involvement of the medial frontal cortex in …

Contrary to the widespread belief that people are positively motivated by reward incentives,
some studies have shown that performance-based extrinsic reward can actually undermine …

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder overlap considerably in terms of symptoms, familial
patterns, risk genes, outcome, and treatment response. This article provides an overview of the …

According to many modern economic theories, actions simply reflect an individual's
preferences, whereas a psychological phenomenon called “cognitive dissonance” claims that …

Recent studies have documented that self-determined choice does indeed enhance
performance. However, the precise neural mechanisms underlying this effect are not well …

Backgrounds: Social cognition deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia and deteriorate
functionality of patients. However, evidence is sparse for the treatment effect on social …

A core feature of schizophrenia (SCZ) is impairment in intrinsic motivation. Although intrinsic
motivation plays an important role in enhancing improvement of the social functioning, its …

A distinct aspect of the sense of fairness in humans is that we care not only about equality in
material rewards but also about equality in nonmaterial values. One such value is the …

To explore a visual scene, the brain must detect an object of interest and direct the eyes to it.
To investigate the brain's mechanism of saccade target selection, we trained monkeys to …

We investigated object representation in area TE, the anterior part of monkey inferotemporal
(IT) cortex, with a combination of optical and extracellular recordings in anesthetized …