The pH of various chloroplast compartments, such as the thylakoid lumen and stroma, is
light-dependent. Light illumination induces electron transfer in the photosynthetic apparatus, …

Sustainable agriculture in the future will depend on crops that are tolerant to biotic and abiotic
stresses, require minimal input of water and nutrients and can be cultivated with a minimal …

Halophytes tolerate high salinity levels that would kill conventional crops. Understanding salt
tolerance mechanisms will provide clues for breeding salt‐tolerant plants. Many halophytes…

Plasma membrane (PM) H + -ATPases are the electrogenic proton pumps that export H +
from plant and fungal cells to acidify the surroundings and generate a membrane potential. …

Climate change may result in a drier climate and increased salinization, threatening agricultural
productivity worldwide. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) produces highly nutritious seeds …

In this study, a bioactive derivative of chitooligomers (1.0–3.0 kDa), 4-hydroxybenzyl-COS (HB-COS),
was synthesized to enhance antioxidant activity. Hence, HB-COS was evaluated …

Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, which supports
almost all life activities on earth. Because the intensity and quality of sunlight can change …

The proton motive force (PMF) across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane that is generated
by electron transport during photosynthesis is the driving force for ATP synthesis in plants. …

Precise control of the proton concentration gradient across thylakoid membranes (ΔpH) is
essential for photosynthesis and its regulation because the gradient contributes to the …

The aim of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of 4-hydroxybenzyl-chitooligomers
(HB-COS) in Chang liver cells stimulated by a cytokine mixture. It was revealed that …