Interaction of spherical particles with cells and within animals has been studied extensively,
but the effects of shape have received little attention. Here we use highly stable, polymer …

Introduction Tissues can be soft like brain, bone marrow, and fat, which bear little mechanical
stress, or stiff like muscle, cartilage, and bone, which sustain high levels of stress. …

Whether cell forces or extracellular matrix (ECM) can impact genome integrity is largely unclear.
Here, acute perturbations (∼1 h) to actomyosin stress or ECM elasticity cause rapid and …

siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides, AON, have similar size and negative charge and are
often packaged for in vitro delivery with cationic lipids or polymers—but exposed positive …

Many growth factors and cytokines act as cellular survival factors by preventing programmed
cell death (apoptosis). However, the specific genes and corresponding proteins that …

The heart is an active material which relies on robust signaling mechanisms between cells
in order to produce well-timed, coordinated beats. Dysfunction in this signaling results in …

The liver is one of the few adult tissues that has the capacity to regenerate following hepatectomy
or toxic damage. In examining the early growth response during hepatic regeneration, …

The mechanism by which chronic alcohol abuse induces widespread cell and tissue damage
is unknown. Insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) is an important inhibitor of apoptosis in …

The effect of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐induced cell killing
was determined for mouse BALB/c3T3 fibroblasts in vitro. Cells maintained in 0.5% fetal …

Anchorage to matrix is mediated for many cells not only by integrin-based focal adhesions
but also by a parallel assembly of integral and peripheral membrane proteins known as the …